The Importance of Clusters for Sustainable Innovation Processes: The Context of Small and Medium Sized Regions

The purpose of the current paper is to provide a critical state-of-the-art review of current research on clusters and its correlation to innovation dynamics in small and medium-sized regions. In particular, we focus on the systematization of the main concepts and theoretical insights that are tributary to the cluster overview in terms of its relevance for the sustainability of the innovation processes, knowledge production and diffusion, which take place inside small and medium-sized regions. The present working paper takes into account the initial studies on English industrial districts (in the nineteenth century), passing through the Italian industrial districts (in the 70s and 80s of the twentieth century), until the modern theories of business clusters and innovation systems. These frameworks constitute the basis of an approach to endogenous development, which gives a central role to the interaction between economic actors, the society and the institutions and to the identification, mobilization and combination of potential resources within a particular geographical area.Cluster; Innovation; Endogenous development; Territory.

First applications of the Orbex coprocessor: control of unmanned vehicles

The ORBEX coprocessor has been designed to execute the typical fuzzy operations of a system based on fuzzy rules. The first real application has been fuzzy controllers for electric cars. The values of the input variables, the position and the orientation of the car with respect the desired trajectory of reference, are obtained from the data provided by a DGPS boarded in the vehicle. The values of the output variables provided by the controller are the angle that the steering wheel has to be turned and the increment of the velocity. Due to the power of the ORBEX coprocessor the controllers can be written with few though meaningful rules

Correction to: Can bicarbonate enhance the performance of carob seedlings grown in nutrient solutions with different Fe concentrations?

Correction to: Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-019-00100-4info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Contributions towards a Cluster Strategy for the Sea in the Algarve

This article advocates the relevance and crucial need for a strategic vision of the Algarve based on a cluster approach for its economy of the sea. The article reviews the literature on clusters and relevant topics related and relevant to that issue. It starts by summarizing the scope and structure of the article, followed by a theoretical framework, which highlight the key features and benefits associated with the cluster approach taken, the role of knowledge - intensive service activities as key drivers for innovation and entrepreneurship, taken as critical factors for successful cluster strategy advocated, along with the networking and cooperation, innovation systems and the importance of knowledge spillovers for knowledge management within the cluster

Making Transport Safer: V2V-Based Automated Emergency Braking System

An important goal in the field of intelligent transportation systems (ITS) is to provide driving aids aimed at preventing accidents and reducing the number of traffic victims. The commonest traffic accidents in urban areas are due to sudden braking that demands a very fast response on the part of drivers. Attempts to solve this problem have motivated many ITS advances including the detection of the intention of surrounding cars using lasers, radars or cameras. However, this might not be enough to increase safety when there is a danger of collision. Vehicle to vehicle communications are needed to ensure that the other intentions of cars are also available. The article describes the development of a controller to perform an emergency stop via an electro-hydraulic braking system employed on dry asphalt. An original V2V communication scheme based on WiFi cards has been used for broadcasting positioning information to other vehicles. The reliability of the scheme has been theoretically analyzed to estimate its performance when the number of vehicles involved is much higher. This controller has been incorporated into the AUTOPIA program control for automatic cars. The system has been implemented in Citroën C3 Pluriel, and various tests were performed to evaluate its operation

The idiosyncratic nature of maritime clusters : considerations for their possible differentiation

The main objective of the current paper is to distinguish the most relevant aspects which can or should be observed in maritime clusters and are most likely to contribute to their inherent idiosyncratic nature. Based on a literature survey and on a benchmarking presentation of four successful examples of European maritime clusters, we use a study research methodology to substantiate the proposal of a possible differentiation framework for these types of clusters. Our purpose is to point out some of the main characteristics and critical factors for success that are inherent to maritime clusters. Although rarely addressed among the various authors considered in the literature review, our intention is to find out what distinctive competitiveness factors should be considered in a targeted multi-sectorial cluster approach to the economy of the sea, i.e. those that are likely to influence the creation, sustainable development and resilience of successful maritime cluster

Estrutura genética de populações naturais de Cryptocarya moschata Nees (Lauraceae) na Mata Atlântica do sudeste brasileiro

This study was accomplished on a more comprehensive basis to evaluate previous questions that were raised from a preliminary article about the genetic structure of Cryptocarya moschata populations. Thus, through the analysis of 40 polymorphic allozyme loci, allele frequencies were estimated from 335 individuals of 11 natural populations of C. moschata from six hydrographic basins of São Paulo state and Serra da Estrela, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Estimates of Wright's F statistics were done through the analysis of variance, presenting average values of or =0.352, or =0.285 and or =0.097. These results indicated that individuals within populations must be panmitic, and that the diversity among populations is fairly high, being superior to what would be expected for groups of plants having a full-sib family structure. From estimates of obtained for populations taken two at a time, the model of isolation by distance was tested; data did not fit the model, showing that did not increase by the respective increasing of the geographic distance. The estimated gene flow of 0.55 migrants per generation corroborated the pronounced populational differentiation, indicating that drift effects should be more important than the selection ones. The effective population sizes found from the sampled populations showed that there was an adequate genetic representativeness of the samples for those with relatively low values of . Though, under a metapopulation context, the effective population size was 17.07 individuals, indicating that sampling performed for the species corresponded to 88.44% of the maximum effective size obtained from 11 populations with a of 0.285, equivalent to only 5.09% individuals for the total sampled. Management and conservation strategies aimed at preserving high intrapopulation genetic variation in C. moschata would imply in the maintenance of populations with great number of individuals. Moreover, for the preservation of the species as a whole, the maintenance of many such populations would be mandatorily recommended, which denotes that the conservation of large areas of Atlantic rain forest should be necessary to hold its evolutionary dynamics.Este estudo foi realizado, de forma mais abrangente, para avaliar questões prévias que foram levantadas a partir de um artigo preliminar sobre a estrutura genética de populações de Cryptocarya moschata. Assim, pela análise de 40 locos alozímicos polimórficos, estimaram-se as freqüências alélicas para 335 indivíduos adultos de 11 populações naturais de Cryptocarya moschata, de seis bacias hidrográficas do estado de São Paulo e da Serra da Estrela, no Rio de Janeiro. Obtiveram-se estimativas das estatísticas F de Wright, estimadas pelo método da análise da variância, que apresentaram valores de ou =0,352, ou =0,285 e ou =0,097, indicando que os indivíduos dentro das populações devem ser panmíticos, que a diversidade entre as mesmas é bastante alta, superior à esperada para famílias com estruturação de irmãos-completos. Calculando com as populações tomadas duas a duas, testou-se o modelo de isolamento pela distância, sendo que os dados não aderiram ao modelo, mostrando não haver aumento de com o respectivo aumento da distância geográfica. O fluxo gênico estimado em 0,55 indivíduos por geração corrobora a pronunciada diferenciação populacional encontrada, indicando que efeitos de deriva devem ser mais importantes do que os de seleção. Os tamanhos efetivos populacionais estimados a partir das populações amostradas mostraram que houve uma adequada representatividade genética das amostras para aquelas com valores de relativamente baixos. Contudo, sob um contexto metapopulacional, o tamanho efetivo populacional foi de 17,07 indivíduos, indicando que a amostragem realizada para a espécie correspondeu a 88,44% do tamanho efetivo máximo obtido a partir de 11 populações com um de 0,285, correspondendo a apenas 5,09% dos indivíduos amostrados. As estratégias de manejo e conservação necessárias para a preservação da alta variabilidade genética intrapopulacional de C. moschata implicam na manutenção de populações com número grande de indivíduos. Além disso, para a preservação da espécie como um todo, a manutenção de muitas populações se faz necessária, o que denota que a conservação de grandes áreas de Mata Atlântica deva ser necessária para manter sua dinâmica evolutiva.011

Dispositivo y procedimiento útil para el control de un automóvil, con ayuda de GPS y comunicaciones inalámbricas, que permite efectuar adelantamientos

Dispositivo y procedimiento útil para el control de un automóvil, con ayuda de GPS y comunicaciones inalámbricas, que permite efectuar adelantamientos. El dispositivo y procedimiento permite el control automático para realizar mediante un computador maniobras de adelantamiento en carretera, manejando los tres actuadores principales del vehículo, acelerador, freno y dirección sin intervención humana, basándose en información sensorial proveniente de sistemas GNSS, redes de comunicaciones inalámbricas Wi.Fi y la información de navegación del propio vehículo. La computación de control del sistema esta basada en algoritmos de lógica borrosa desarrollados por los autores.Peer reviewedConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España)A1 Solicitud de patentes con informe sobre el estado de la técnic

Historia general de los religiosos descalzos del orden de los ermitaños del gran padre, y doctor de la Iglesia San Agustin, de la Congregacion de España, y de las Indias

Copia digital : Junta de Castilla y León. Consejería de Cultura y Turismo, 2014Sign. : []4, 2[parágrafo]-3[parágrafo]4, 2A-2Z4, 3A-3Z4, 4A-4B4, 5C6.Grab. calcográfico en [parágrafo]3 de "Valls Del. Sculp. Barcin."Texto a dos col.Port. con orla tip.Port. frontispicia grab. calc. "Pº a Villa franca Sculptor Regis, scupsit Matriti, 1663

Workers' remittances in the Spanish Balance of Payments

Artículo de revist